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Associations of serious mental illness with earnings: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys

Identifieur interne : 007A32 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 007A31; suivant : 007A33

Associations of serious mental illness with earnings: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys

Auteurs : Daphna Levinson [Israël] ; Matthew D. Lakoma [États-Unis] ; Maria Petukhova [États-Unis] ; Michael Schoenbaum [États-Unis] ; Alan M. Zaslavsky [États-Unis] ; Matthias Angermeyer [Autriche] ; Guilherme Borges [Mexique] ; Ronny Bruffaerts [Belgique] ; Giovanni De Girolamo [Italie] ; Ron De Graaf [Pays-Bas] ; Oye Gureje [Nigeria] ; Josep Maria Haro [Espagne] ; CHIYI HU [République populaire de Chine] ; Aimee N. Karam [Liban] ; Norito Kawakami [Japon] ; Sing Lee [Hong Kong] ; Jean-Pierre Lepine [France] ; Mark Oakley Browne [Australie] ; Michail Okoliyski [Bulgarie] ; Jose Posada-Villa [Colombie] ; Rajesh Sagar [Inde] ; Maria Carmen Viana [Brésil] ; David R. Williams [États-Unis] ; Ronald C. Kessler [États-Unis]

Source :

RBID : Pascal:11-0031444

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Background Burden-of-illness data, which are often used in setting healthcare policy-spending priorities, are unavailable for mental disorders in most countries. Aims To examine one central aspect of illness burden, the association of serious mental illness with earnings, in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. Method The WMH Surveys were carried out in 10 high-income and 9 low- and middle-income countries. The associations of personal earnings with serious mental illness were estimated. Results Respondents with serious mental illness earned on average a third less than median earnings, with no significant between-country differences (χ2(9)=5.5-8.1, P=0.52-0.79). These losses are equivalent to 0.3-0.8% of total national earnings. Reduced earnings among those with earnings and the increased probability of not earning are both important components of these associations. Conclusions These results add to a growing body of evidence that mental disorders have high societal costs. Decisions about healthcare resource allocation should take these costs into consideration. Declaration of interest R.C.K. has been a consultant for GlaxoSmithKline, Kaiser Permanente, Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis, Shire Pharmaceuticals and Wyeth-Ayerst; has served on advisory boards for Eli Lilly & Company and Wyeth-Ayerst; and has had research support for his epidemiological studies from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Company, GIaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceuticals, Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceuticalsc, Pfizer and Sanofi-Aventis.

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</inist:fA14>
<country>Belgique</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Louvain</settlement>
<region>Région flamande</region>
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<name sortKey="Maria Haro, Josep" sort="Maria Haro, Josep" uniqKey="Maria Haro J" first="Josep" last="Maria Haro">Josep Maria Haro</name>
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<settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
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<s1>Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health</s1>
<s2>Guangdong</s2>
<s3>CHN</s3>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Karam, Aimee N" sort="Karam, Aimee N" uniqKey="Karam A" first="Aimee N." last="Karam">Aimee N. Karam</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="13">
<s1>Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Balamand University Medical School and the Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC)</s1>
<s2>Beirut</s2>
<s3>LBN</s3>
<sZ>14 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Liban</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Beirut</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kawakami, Norito" sort="Kawakami, Norito" uniqKey="Kawakami N" first="Norito" last="Kawakami">Norito Kawakami</name>
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<s1>Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo</s1>
<s3>JPN</s3>
<sZ>15 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Japon</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement>
<region type="province">Région de Kantō</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Tokyo</orgName>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, Sing" sort="Lee, Sing" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sing" last="Lee">Sing Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<inist:fA14 i1="15">
<s1>The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital</s1>
<s3>HKG</s3>
<sZ>16 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Hong Kong</country>
<wicri:noRegion>The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital</wicri:noRegion>
<orgName type="university">Université chinoise de Hong Kong</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Sha Tin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lepine, Jean Pierre" sort="Lepine, Jean Pierre" uniqKey="Lepine J" first="Jean-Pierre" last="Lepine">Jean-Pierre Lepine</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="16">
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<sZ>17 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oakley Browne, Mark" sort="Oakley Browne, Mark" uniqKey="Oakley Browne M" first="Mark" last="Oakley Browne">Mark Oakley Browne</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="17">
<s1>Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania</s1>
<s2>Tasmania</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
<sZ>18 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Australie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Tasmania</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Okoliyski, Michail" sort="Okoliyski, Michail" uniqKey="Okoliyski M" first="Michail" last="Okoliyski">Michail Okoliyski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="18">
<s1>Department Global Mental Health, National Centre of Public Health Protection</s1>
<s2>Sofia</s2>
<s3>BGR</s3>
<sZ>19 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Bulgarie</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Sofia</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Sofia-ville (oblast)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Posada Villa, Jose" sort="Posada Villa, Jose" uniqKey="Posada Villa J" first="Jose" last="Posada-Villa">Jose Posada-Villa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="19">
<s1>Psicosocial y Salud Mental, OIM-COLOMBIA</s1>
<s2>Bogota</s2>
<s3>COL</s3>
<sZ>20 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Colombie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Bogota</wicri:noRegion>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Sagar, Rajesh" sort="Sagar, Rajesh" uniqKey="Sagar R" first="Rajesh" last="Sagar">Rajesh Sagar</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="20">
<s1>All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)</s1>
<s2>New Delhi</s2>
<s3>IND</s3>
<sZ>21 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Inde</country>
<wicri:noRegion>All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Viana, Maria Carmen" sort="Viana, Maria Carmen" uniqKey="Viana M" first="Maria Carmen" last="Viana">Maria Carmen Viana</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="21">
<s1>Section of Psychiatric Epidemiology, Institute of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo</s1>
<s2>São Paulo</s2>
<s3>BRA</s3>
<sZ>22 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Brésil</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
<settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Williams, David R" sort="Williams, David R" uniqKey="Williams D" first="David R." last="Williams">David R. Williams</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="22">
<s1>Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Society, Human Development and Health</s1>
<s2>Boston</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>23 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Boston</settlement>
<region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kessler, Ronald C" sort="Kessler, Ronald C" uniqKey="Kessler R" first="Ronald C." last="Kessler">Ronald C. Kessler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<inist:fA14 i1="23">
<s1>Harvard Medical School, Department of Health Care Policy</s1>
<s2>Boston</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>24 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Boston</settlement>
<region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
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</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j" type="main">British journal of psychiatry : (Print)</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Br. j. psychiatry : (Print)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0007-1250</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2010">2010</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt>
<title level="j" type="main">British journal of psychiatry : (Print)</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Br. j. psychiatry : (Print)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0007-1250</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Comparative study</term>
<term>Economic status</term>
<term>Human</term>
<term>International</term>
<term>Mental disorder</term>
<term>Mental health</term>
<term>Personal income</term>
<term>Public health</term>
<term>Social environment</term>
<term>WHO</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Trouble psychiatrique</term>
<term>OMS</term>
<term>Santé mentale</term>
<term>Etude comparative</term>
<term>Revenu individuel</term>
<term>Statut économique</term>
<term>Santé publique</term>
<term>Environnement social</term>
<term>International</term>
<term>Homme</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Santé mentale</term>
<term>Santé publique</term>
<term>Homme</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background Burden-of-illness data, which are often used in setting healthcare policy-spending priorities, are unavailable for mental disorders in most countries. Aims To examine one central aspect of illness burden, the association of serious mental illness with earnings, in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. Method The WMH Surveys were carried out in 10 high-income and 9 low- and middle-income countries. The associations of personal earnings with serious mental illness were estimated. Results Respondents with serious mental illness earned on average a third less than median earnings, with no significant between-country differences (χ
<sup>2</sup>
(9)=5.5-8.1, P
<sub>=</sub>
0.52-0.79). These losses are equivalent to 0.3-0.8% of total national earnings. Reduced earnings among those with earnings and the increased probability of not earning are both important components of these associations. Conclusions These results add to a growing body of evidence that mental disorders have high societal costs. Decisions about healthcare resource allocation should take these costs into consideration. Declaration of interest R.C.K. has been a consultant for GlaxoSmithKline, Kaiser Permanente, Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis, Shire Pharmaceuticals and Wyeth-Ayerst; has served on advisory boards for Eli Lilly & Company and Wyeth-Ayerst; and has had research support for his epidemiological studies from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Company, GIaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceuticals, Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceuticalsc, Pfizer and Sanofi-Aventis.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Autriche</li>
<li>Belgique</li>
<li>Brésil</li>
<li>Bulgarie</li>
<li>Colombie</li>
<li>Espagne</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Hong Kong</li>
<li>Inde</li>
<li>Israël</li>
<li>Italie</li>
<li>Japon</li>
<li>Liban</li>
<li>Mexique</li>
<li>Nigeria</li>
<li>Pays-Bas</li>
<li>République populaire de Chine</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Catalogne</li>
<li>Massachusetts</li>
<li>Province du Brabant flamand</li>
<li>Région de Kantō</li>
<li>Région flamande</li>
<li>Sofia-ville (oblast)</li>
<li>Utrecht (province)</li>
<li>État d'Oyo</li>
<li>État de São Paulo</li>
<li>Île-de-France</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Barcelone</li>
<li>Boston</li>
<li>Ibadan</li>
<li>Louvain</li>
<li>Paris</li>
<li>Sha Tin</li>
<li>Sofia</li>
<li>São Paulo</li>
<li>Tokyo</li>
<li>Utrecht</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Katholieke Universiteit Leuven</li>
<li>Université chinoise de Hong Kong</li>
<li>Université d'Ibadan</li>
<li>Université de São Paulo</li>
<li>Université de Tokyo</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="Israël">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Levinson, Daphna" sort="Levinson, Daphna" uniqKey="Levinson D" first="Daphna" last="Levinson">Daphna Levinson</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis">
<region name="Massachusetts">
<name sortKey="Lakoma, Matthew D" sort="Lakoma, Matthew D" uniqKey="Lakoma M" first="Matthew D." last="Lakoma">Matthew D. Lakoma</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Kessler, Ronald C" sort="Kessler, Ronald C" uniqKey="Kessler R" first="Ronald C." last="Kessler">Ronald C. Kessler</name>
<name sortKey="Petukhova, Maria" sort="Petukhova, Maria" uniqKey="Petukhova M" first="Maria" last="Petukhova">Maria Petukhova</name>
<name sortKey="Schoenbaum, Michael" sort="Schoenbaum, Michael" uniqKey="Schoenbaum M" first="Michael" last="Schoenbaum">Michael Schoenbaum</name>
<name sortKey="Williams, David R" sort="Williams, David R" uniqKey="Williams D" first="David R." last="Williams">David R. Williams</name>
<name sortKey="Zaslavsky, Alan M" sort="Zaslavsky, Alan M" uniqKey="Zaslavsky A" first="Alan M." last="Zaslavsky">Alan M. Zaslavsky</name>
</country>
<country name="Autriche">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Angermeyer, Matthias" sort="Angermeyer, Matthias" uniqKey="Angermeyer M" first="Matthias" last="Angermeyer">Matthias Angermeyer</name>
</noRegion>
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<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Borges, Guilherme" sort="Borges, Guilherme" uniqKey="Borges G" first="Guilherme" last="Borges">Guilherme Borges</name>
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<country name="Belgique">
<region name="Région flamande">
<name sortKey="Bruffaerts, Ronny" sort="Bruffaerts, Ronny" uniqKey="Bruffaerts R" first="Ronny" last="Bruffaerts">Ronny Bruffaerts</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Italie">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="De Girolamo, Giovanni" sort="De Girolamo, Giovanni" uniqKey="De Girolamo G" first="Giovanni" last="De Girolamo">Giovanni De Girolamo</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Pays-Bas">
<region name="Utrecht (province)">
<name sortKey="De Graaf, Ron" sort="De Graaf, Ron" uniqKey="De Graaf R" first="Ron" last="De Graaf">Ron De Graaf</name>
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<region name="État d'Oyo">
<name sortKey="Gureje, Oye" sort="Gureje, Oye" uniqKey="Gureje O" first="Oye" last="Gureje">Oye Gureje</name>
</region>
</country>
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<region name="Catalogne">
<name sortKey="Maria Haro, Josep" sort="Maria Haro, Josep" uniqKey="Maria Haro J" first="Josep" last="Maria Haro">Josep Maria Haro</name>
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<country name="République populaire de Chine">
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<name sortKey="Chiyi Hu" sort="Chiyi Hu" uniqKey="Chiyi Hu" last="Chiyi Hu">CHIYI HU</name>
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<name sortKey="Karam, Aimee N" sort="Karam, Aimee N" uniqKey="Karam A" first="Aimee N." last="Karam">Aimee N. Karam</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Japon">
<region name="Région de Kantō">
<name sortKey="Kawakami, Norito" sort="Kawakami, Norito" uniqKey="Kawakami N" first="Norito" last="Kawakami">Norito Kawakami</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Hong Kong">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Lee, Sing" sort="Lee, Sing" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sing" last="Lee">Sing Lee</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="France">
<region name="Île-de-France">
<name sortKey="Lepine, Jean Pierre" sort="Lepine, Jean Pierre" uniqKey="Lepine J" first="Jean-Pierre" last="Lepine">Jean-Pierre Lepine</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Australie">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Oakley Browne, Mark" sort="Oakley Browne, Mark" uniqKey="Oakley Browne M" first="Mark" last="Oakley Browne">Mark Oakley Browne</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Bulgarie">
<region name="Sofia-ville (oblast)">
<name sortKey="Okoliyski, Michail" sort="Okoliyski, Michail" uniqKey="Okoliyski M" first="Michail" last="Okoliyski">Michail Okoliyski</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Colombie">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Posada Villa, Jose" sort="Posada Villa, Jose" uniqKey="Posada Villa J" first="Jose" last="Posada-Villa">Jose Posada-Villa</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Inde">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Sagar, Rajesh" sort="Sagar, Rajesh" uniqKey="Sagar R" first="Rajesh" last="Sagar">Rajesh Sagar</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Brésil">
<region name="État de São Paulo">
<name sortKey="Viana, Maria Carmen" sort="Viana, Maria Carmen" uniqKey="Viana M" first="Maria Carmen" last="Viana">Maria Carmen Viana</name>
</region>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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